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1) Wrinkles, UVB rays are shorter than UVA rays, and are the main culprit behind sunburn. The UVA rays, with their longer wavelength, are responsible for much of the damage we associate with photoaging. UVA rays penetrate deep into the dermis, where they damage the collagen fibers. This damage causes increased production of abnormal elastin. The unusual amounts of elastin result in the production of enzymes called metalloproteinases. These enzymes, which rebuild damaged collagen, often malfunction and degrade the collagen, resulting in incorrectly rebuilt skin. As this process is repeated with daily UVA exposure, the incorrectly rebuilt skin forms wrinkles, and the depleted collagen results in leathery skin.

2) Gray Hair, the hair follicle cycle signalling system collapses at a certain age and the result is gray hair. Read more https://trevorklee.com/want-to-reverse-aging-try-reversing-graying-first/

3) Osteoporosis, osteoclasts and osteoblasts maintain the skeletal system using a communication or signalling system, at a certain age the signalling system collapses and the osteoclasts become more dominant than osteoblasts leading to over reabsorption and weak bones known as Osteoporosis. The disease impacts woman more than men during menopause as estrogen is required for the balance in bone re-synthesis, when the sex hormones are switched off in the brain, it throws the communication system out and the disease is more likely. Calcium homeostasis in blood is a reason for bone to be cannibalized, so calcium can be released from bone into the blood or sequested, where excess calcium in take out of the blood and stored in the bones. Mechanical pressure also activate bone reformation and bone is turning over as a precaution as bones have a used by date and need to be remade every so often.

Bones comprise...

1. Organic components: Approximately 35% of the bone's composition consists of organic components. These include cells, collagen fibers, and various proteins that provide flexibility and strength to the bone.

1. Inorganic components: Around 65% of the bone's composition is made up of inorganic components. These mainly consist of hydroxyapatite crystals, which are composed of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. These minerals give the bone its hardness and strength.

4) Sarcopenia, similar to osteoporosis muscles, is cannibalized with macophagocyctes and rebuild with myoblasts. Again, it is the androgenic response that builds muscle and the catabolic response that breaks muscle down. As hormones are turned off with age, the signalling system falls out of balance and sarcopenia results. It becomes suspect that myoblast production is tied to a system that is also not performing adequately. The new cells in the human body must come from the bone marrow, into the stem cells and into new myoblasts. Myoblasts become myocytes (muscle cells), they can also come from mitosis of neighboring cells. A singalling system is essential for both process.

5) Presbyopia: Age-related loss of the ability to focus on nearby objects, resulting in difficulty reading or seeing close-up.

6) Cognitive decline: Gradual reduction in cognitive abilities, including memory, attention, and problem-solving skills.

7) Arthritis: Inflammation and degeneration of the joints, leading to pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility.

8) Cardiovascular diseases: Various age-related conditions affecting the heart and blood vessels, such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, and heart failure.

9) Macular degeneration: Progressive deterioration of the central portion of the retina, leading to loss of vision.

10) Hearing loss: Age-related decline in hearing ability, often affecting high-frequency sounds.

11) Frailty: A state of increased vulnerability to stressors due to age-related declines in physiological reserves and functional capacity.

12) Impaired immune function: The immune system becomes less efficient with age, leading to increased susceptibility to infections and a diminished response to vaccinations.