Build an LLM from scratch

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Step 1: Plan and design the LLM

  1. Standard model design
  2. LLM has the ability to re-train itself, to hit the re-train button. (no human required)
  3. LLM is constantly re-working its training data to improve its training data. (no human required)

Note: focus on the LLM's ability to distinguish differences correctly, better from worse, yes from no and so on, successful compile vs errors, red from blue.

Demonstrator must be resource light enough for the LLM to perform these tasks.

Step 2: Eval Space

The tools that give the LLM the ability to test, proof and rework training data. For instance, a code compiler or a training data compiler.

Make the LLM

  1. Get the training datasets: Sources: Common Crawl, Wikipedia, books, articles, forums, public datasets (e.g., Project Gutenberg).
  2. Preprocess dataset: Data Preprocessing
    1. Tokenization: Split text into tokens (words, subwords, or characters).
    2. Normalization: Lowercase text, remove special characters, handle contractions, etc.
    3. Filtering: Remove non-text content, duplicates, and overly long or short texts.
    4. Encoding: Convert tokens to numerical representations using a tokenizer.
  3. Choose architecture for your LLM. Transformer-based models (e.g., GPT, BERT), Parameters: Define model size (number of layers, heads, hidden units).
  4. Training
  5. Evaludation

from transformers import GPT2Config, GPT2LMHeadModel, GPT2Tokenizer, Trainer, TrainingArguments, TextDataset, DataCollatorForLanguageModeling

# Define configuration

config = GPT2Config(

vocab_size=50257,

n_positions=1024,

n_ctx=1024,

n_embd=768,

n_layer=12,

n_head=12,

n_inner=3072,

activation_function='gelu',

resid_pdrop=0.1,

embd_pdrop=0.1,

attn_pdrop=0.1,

layer_norm_epsilon=1e-5,

initializer_range=0.02,

) # Initialize tokenizer

tokenizer = GPT2Tokenizer.from_pretrained("gpt2")

tokenizer.add_special_tokens({'pad_token': '[PAD]'})

# Prepare dataset

def load_dataset(file_path, tokenizer):

return TextDataset(

tokenizer=tokenizer,

file_path=file_path,

block_size=128,

)

train_dataset = load_dataset("path/to/train.txt", tokenizer)

val_dataset = load_dataset("path/to/val.txt", tokenizer)

data_collator = DataCollatorForLanguageModeling(

tokenizer=tokenizer,

mlm=False,

) # Initialize model

model = GPT2LMHeadModel(config)

model.resize_token_embeddings(len(tokenizer))

# Set training arguments

training_args = TrainingArguments(

output_dir="./results",

overwrite_output_dir=True,

num_train_epochs=3,

per_device_train_batch_size=2,

per_device_eval_batch_size=2,

save_steps=10_000,

save_total_limit=2,

prediction_loss_only=True,

logging_dir='./logs',

) # Create trainer and train

trainer = Trainer(

model=model,

args=training_args,

data_collator=data_collator,

train_dataset=train_dataset,

eval_dataset=val_dataset,

)

trainer.train()

# Save the model

model.save_pretrained("./trained_model")

tokenizer.save_pretrained("./trained_model")

  

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